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Generally speaking, cities can be of one or more basic structures.
Band-shaped cities are originally small industrial communities. Friends of rail transit often advocate the Band-shaped City in order to promote rail bound traffic. The urbanization is strung out along the railway lines, and in order to give it a more "round" shape, these proponents envision rails more or less in parallel to the original one.
The nodal city is a modern "invention"; a result mainly of good transport facilities. It is mostly to be found in the U.S., with its wide-open spaces and high standard of living, which means that one can afford to build roads and use motorcars. Bridges and tunnels are ways to get traffic through crowded cities. Circular belt roads lead the traffic around the downtown Common traffic-related abbreviations Some calculations of permissible acceleration/deceleration-rates for beam vehicles. With active suspension we mean a computer-controlled hydraulic or pneumatic system that actively compensates for unwanted movements of the cabin or load. It can also compensate for vertical movements of slow-moving or stationary cabins, caused by other beam vehicles that are entering or leaving the beam segment, thereby straining the beams to varying degrees. People are more adaptive to changes in their environment than one might think. Also, when asked during opinion polls, they usually voice their negative opinions about some proposal, and, when this proposal has become a reality, they either like it or they don´t care as much as they thought they would. Stops and berths for the FlyWay cars need to have individual addresses according to a logical and expandable system Design of passenger cabins for FlyWay cars, have to consider the high speeds of the vehicles. See also "crumple zones". Calculations of aerodynamic resistance for FlyWay cars, both inside the beam and around the cabin or load. See also "crumple zones".
When tunnels are not much bigger than the vehicles going through them, the question as to where the air will go is relevant. It is a considerable waste of energy for the vehicles to have to push air ahead of them, and also to create a drag behind them. There is a "breaking point" where ground travel would be preferable to air travel, for a number of reasons, if only there were quick, easy and comfortable alternatives for long distances. High-speed trains would be such an alternative. But beamcarried traffic could bring you closer to your destination. A look into the future: The actual transport in the air is without competition on ground, when it comes to quick transportation. But unless you can afford to have your own private plane, there are drawbacks as well. Drawing of ambulance vehicle for beam traffic systems Techn. dr. Sten Staxler makes a comparative analysis of costs for different kinds of transportation systems. Short (15-20 seconds) animations of travelling beamcars from the Stockholm area Some basic antenna theory for cellular systems Enormous areas of our cities are covered with asphalt! Description of operation of asynchronous traffic systems Drawbacks with existing train control systems, such as Automatic Train Control
One of SwedeTrack´s inventions; the ball-joint arrangement for the elevator, technical description The ball-joint arrangement; what it is good for The huge costs and doubtful value of building circular belt roads in cities to ease traffic pressure on a city´s downtown area. Electrical batteries for the beamcars; listing of available types
Description of how the beams could be constructed, the procedures and the machinery involved. Calculations and considerations regarding beam dimensioning FlyWay uses threee dimensions on its beams, for different wheights and sizes of vehicles. Description of the FlyWay entrance hatches for maintence personnel, to reach the inside of the beams Dividing beam system networks into hierarchical functions, following the same pattern as roads, which are divided inte backstreets, main strrets, boulewards and freeways Defining bending radius for beams
An example of how to mount beam supports on buildings.
Station berths for beamcars; design considerations for FlyWay. The FLYWAY® carriages can berth to load/unload people and cargo in 4 ways: Different sizes of FlyWay docking berths for passengers The process of berthing at a passenger stop for FlyWay cars
The possibility of bringing bicycles, mopeds and similar small vehicles along on the beamcars. Which is most efficient, transportationwise; big or small beamcars? Or; does it really pay to cram people together in big cars, everything considered? See also "Bunching people together". Abbreviations and acronyms used by the Bluetooth communication standard How to use the Bluetooth communication standard as beamcar interface in the FlyWay system Using the Bluetooth communication standard as passenger interface in the FlyWay system The Bluetooth communications standard can have a number of user profiles. Which of them are useful for beamcar communication? Short description of the Bluetooth communication standard Bombay (or Mumbay) in India is a good example of a fast-growing city with serious crowding problems General description of so-called Booking Points in synchronous beam networks, where approaching beamcars advertise their coming to a weaving node, so that the node computer can regulate their speed, so that collisions do not occur when weaving. How FlyWay beamcars would use the Booking Points, a kind of synchronization points before weaving of two beams, where approaching vehicles get assigned proper speeds to enable smooth confluence onto the common beam. Description of a Booking System for passenger use in automatic transport systems. How to order a suitable beam vehicle to a certain address "taxi-style". The FlyWay Booking System is very versatile and state-of-the-art. Potential passengers and goods handlers can use dedicated terminals,cell phones or the Internet too book vehicles. Braking beamcars; the technicalities of how this is done, limiting considerations, etc. Emergency braking (FlyWay), allowing for safety distances between vehicles, etc. With the Brickwall Stop requirement is meant that a beam vehicle should keep a sufficient distance to the vehicle ahead so that it can stop before hitting this vehicle, should this vehicle suddenly become stationary. This, of course, could only happen if the vehicle ahead slammed into a massive, stationary object, blocking its way, termed a "brick wall". The cost of bridges that are dedicated for beamtraffic. These bridges are in effect just beams with extra-long spans between support points.
Vehicle buffering is used at stations at the time of heavy traffic. This page describes alternative ways in which the FlyWay system will handle such vehicles. Does it really pay to cram people together into big beamcars to increase traffic capacity? This is not just a matter of enhancing traffic capacity, but also about design costs and public acceptance. Under the heading "Analysis of Cost Factors", we pose the question "Is it a good idea to cram many passengers into one beamcar?"
Suggested cabin sizes (for passengers) Using caissons for tunnels Camber; the pre-bending of beams during the manufacturing process, so that they to some degree compensate for the downward pull of passing beamcars. The aim is that the beams, even when loaded down, should be a straight as possible, for smooth traveling. Traffical capacity of automatic beam traffic systems, in the form of tables. Calculations of traffic handling capacity of inner-city beam traffic stations. A table of car batteries and their characteristics If China's per-capita car ownership were to match that of the West, China would need to produce 650 million vehicles to meet demand and would consume more metal and oil than the world could supply. Closed-Circuit alarms are mentioned in connection with broken beams. A closed circuit in each "ring" of beams gets disrupted, and trigger an alarm by means of a radio transmitter. Travel cards for passenger use need nowadays not be inserted in some kind of reader. It is sufficient to allow the card to come into close proximity of the reader. How the FlyWay system handles contingency situations of various kinds in connection with weaving, i.e. points where traffic from two or more beams meet. Cost estimates for the FlyWay system depend on the size of the system. Large systems can make use of assembly-line production to reduce costs. An analysis of cost factors, by doctor of technology Sten Staxler A detailed explanation of how to use Cost Metrics for routing decisions in FlyWay. It is proposed to use an adaptation of the OSPF-protocol to enable the beamcars to make wise routing choices. OSPF uses the destination address and Type of Service (TOS) information in an IP datagram header to determine the route for the package. The method uses various parameters, that are each given a certain weight, pertaining to a certain route. When added together and compared to the corresponding parameter values for other routes, they will decide the vehicle´s routing decision as to the optimum route. This is called cost metrics. Adding shock-absorbing "crumple zones" at both ends of passenger cabins is no problem, since the vehicle cabins have to be aerodynamically formed, anyhow. With elongated noses at both ends of the cabin, as in the bottom version on the figure at right, containing shock-absorbing material, the brickwall criteria would not need to be adhered to when traffic capacity is strained, as might be the case at rush-hour. Illustration of the proposed Crumple Zones of the FlyWay beamcars. Their purpose is to act as shock absorbers. Softer metal or fiber glass at both ends of the cabin will absorbe most of the kinetic energi released in a head-on collision, and hopefully leave the rest of the cabin and its content relatively undamaged.
One system, with the idea taken from the subway of Singapore, is to use small landing areas that are shielded off from the milling crowd by plexiglass cubicles as shown in the figure. In Singapore (and also in the Copenhagen automatic underground transport system) this shield is used to prevent travellers from falling (and jumping) onto the track. In FlyWay®, this idea is used in the form of free-standing cubicles underneath the beams, cubicles that have doors that only slide open when a beamcar is in position on the ground or platform inside the cubicle.
Overview of how the continual exchange and updating of computer-based information is performed, between the computerized FlyWay system parts. Those beam vehicles carrying passengers need to provide for the needs of those passengers as well. Thus, the communication between the beamcars and the outside world would be of 3 different kinds:
Chapter 4 briefly mentions the deterioration that buildings and monuments are subjected to because of acid exhaust fumes from street traffic vehicles. This is a sad consequence of allowing petrol-burning vehicles into our cities. How to avoid trapping passengers in closing doors In the Stockholm Underground, passengers have quite recently been caught in the doors by their clothes, and dragged to their death. And this has happened with the new cars; the old cars (that are rapidly being phased out) had safety arrangements that prevented this sort of accidents from happening. Such arrangements will of course be implemented in FlyWay. Suggestions for proper design and function of cabin doors in automatic beam traffic systems to avoid accidents. To the SwedeTrack System Download page How FlyWay enables all kinds of loads to connect/disconnect to a propulsion vehicle. The concept of dual-mode means that the same vehicle should be able to travel both on the ground and along the beams. Dual-mode service; vehicles that can travel both on the ground and along the beams
In order to ease traffic snarls which tend to occur during rush hours (or even at other times of day), beams could be erected parallel to such roads. One could then build a lane (on both sides of the road, if space permits) which would lead to regularly spaced loading depots for beamcarried flatcars. Electric Batteries; listing of types Types of electrical motors (table)
The internal radar inside the beam functions as an electronic bumper. It also has a doppler function, enabling the car to calculate the speed of an encountered car by measuring their relative speeds and knowing its own speed. For all stops in the network that are placed so low beneath the beam that the FlyWay beamcars have to use theie elevators to lower the cabin, the car will need information about how far it is to the ground, for every stop it will encounter. This information should be stored in the form of a table in every beamcar´s computer memory. But, for safety reasons, ground contact also has to be verified at all berthings, since changes in ground conditions could occur now and then, without this being reported to the system computers. There could for instance be some kind of object on the ground beneath the cabin. Elevating: up and down-time for the FlyWay type of lifts Short description of the FlyWay elevator assembly. It has to both lift at stabilize the load. A table which shows the time it takes for a FlyWay beamcar to lower the cabin, for a range of allowable accelerations/decelerations. The second column shows maximum speed attained (halfway down) in m/sec:s, before the lift decelerates again. The 3:rd column is the sum of columns 4 and 5, and the fifth column contains the term with the jerk-factor, as shown in calculations. Detailed calculations of power requirements for the FlyWay-type cabin elevators. The need for emergency braking in case of accidents determine the safety distances between beamcars. These distances are dictated by how fast the cars can decelerate in an emergency, without undue discomfort to passengers or damage to cargo. The speed will of course vary due to other circumstances. Emergency braking Emergency braking (FlyWay) Emergency braking (FlyWay) Tables of energy sources used by society today for transportation purposes Comparison of energy wastefulness between motor vehicles and beam traffic systems Regarding the tremendous waste of energy in fuel-burning motor vehicles The gradual defacing of statues, buildings, etc. because of acid motor vehicle exhausts How evacuation of a stalled beamcar can be done Evacuating the beamcar (in emergency) How evacuation of a stalled FlyWay beamcar in an emergency can be done
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Flanges near the beam slit (FlyWay) FlyWay®; a short presentation FlyWay® beams FlyWay® beamcars FlyWay® components, overview FlyWay®´s Intelligent beamcars Oil-based fuels (Table) Fuel Cells (brief description & diagram) Visions of a future, where automatic beamcarried traffic could be a viable competitor to both air travel and high-speed trains over rather long distances, even overnight travel (up to 6 hours).
Illustration shows the FlyWay girders with their attachments underneath the propulsion car The Guidance System is supposed to guide the beamcars safely and efficiently through the maze of beams, from start to destination. Conventional road networks are often subject to “gridlock” in which a region of the network is completely saturated and motion only occurs at the area´s periphery. Unless steps are taken to prevent its occurrence, gridlocks are also possible in a non-deterministic PRT network. Showing a nice reproduction of a FlyWay system in operation on a computer monitor, with stations and moving cars, is only one way to produce visible results. More important are tables and curves showing how various inputs generate relevant outputs, such as operating costs, power requirements, etc. All these calculations are simulations, since they simulate a scenario that does not necessarily exist. Historical description of a gyro-stabilized monorail from a hundred years back.
Height above the Ground (FlyWay) How to get started building beam traffic systems.
The reason that the IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless communication is included here is that we talk a lot about using Bluetooth for beamcar-communication. Explaining the inflexion points for beams. One can mathematically prove that the best point to join two beams together is not on top of a support, as one might think! The FlyWay Information System would consist of: The Information System (FlyWay, technical description) Intelligent weaving (FlyWay). Weaving is what happens when traffic from two beams merge onto one beam. Handling beam intersections in inner cities Calculating the jerk factor; the change in acceleration/deceleration Sure, we haul jerks if they want to travel with us. But the jerk factor is a measurement of how fast the acceleration or deceleration changes over time. It is a factor that is often overlooked.
Table of approximate number of persons killed in traffic accidents in some European countries, and compared to some other countries. The first column is statistics for 1996, and are per 1 million registered cars. The second column, for the year 1998, are corresponding numbers per 1 miljon inhabitants. Killed in Traffic Accidents; Sweden, table How to use LADAR for FlyWay.
"RADAR" is the acronym for "Radio Detection and Ranging". If one replaces the first word with "Laser" (which in itself is an acronym), one gets the acronym "LADAR". Laser beams are eminently suitable for the task of identifying obstacles. They keep a narrow beam over long distances; the beam does not spread out at an angle like other type of beams. Light Rail is rather similar to Group Rapid Transit systems (GRT), with the purpose of transporting a group of people in each car, instead of using the "taxi" concept. Light Rail systems are automatically controlled, but uses tracks or a sturdier supporting beam than ordinary supported GRT. The term is inspired from the concept "Lean Production" and means that the emphasis is put on traveller efficiency rather than effective use of vehicles. Linear Induction Motor (LIM, illustrated) Links to other websites Long Beamcars need Two Elevators (FlyWay) Longitudinal force (when braking) Loss of Communications (FlyWay) Loss of Electric Power (FlyWay)
Magnetic Levitation is used for high-velocity trains today, notably in Japan. By keeping a distance between vehicle and roadbed, MagLev provides a way to reduce both friction and wear. A look att the three general shapes that an urban area can take, and how to plan for beam traffic systems in these cities. Building a real-life scale model of a beam traffic system is a tricky business, since miniatyrized custom-made electronic components are required. The steady increase in number of motor vehicles in the world (table & diagram) Mumbai, India, a good example of a crowded city. It lies on the southern tip of a cape, and can only expand in one direction.
Beam traffic systems are ideal for narrow streets, as demonstrated in Sydney, Australia Using the FlyWay system in narrow streets Node computers and regional computers have, by definition, different functions in the FlyWay system, but they are often combined Definitions of the Node computer in the FlyWay system
Short description of how obstacle detection systems would work in a beam traffic system. Obstacle detection is essential for automatically driven vehicles, so that they can detect any obstacle in their path of travel. This is a short description of how obstacle detection systems would work in the FlyWay system. It is estimated that around year 2012, the world´s oil supply will no longer be able to match the worldwide demand. This will mean higher oilprices and maybe rationing, but also increased incentive for suppliers of alternative energi sorces. Open interfaces are required on both hardware and software levels, if products from different manufacturers of beam traffic system components are to work together A short essay about being sceptical to the value of opinion polls. People rarely know themselves well enough to have firm opinions about most things. The Open Shortest Path First communications protocol explained. OSPF is used in networking, for instance on the Internet. How the OSPF-protocol, normally used in data communications, can be used to route the FlyWay beamcars along the most optimal route in the beam network.
Construction parameters for the FlyWay system Extensive tables with calculations of passenger flows and passenger handling capacities. How passenger safety can be provided for in a beam traffic system Passenger Safety as regards sabotage How passenger safety can be provided for in the FlyWaysystem How the Path Table would be used in the FlyWay system to calculate the most optimal rute for a beamcar Short essay on peoples' great adaptability when it comes to accepting new innovations. Platooning is the term used for electronically coupling beam vehicles together, to eliminate the need for safety distances between them Platooning as used in the FlyWay system, general description Platooning as handled by weaving nodes in the FlyWay system, a technical description. Platooning as handled by the FlyWay vehicles; technical description Description of how traffic control in the Point-Synchronous beam traffic system functions. Suggestions for standardizing the poles supporting the beams Construction and use of telescoping poles for beam support Population estimates for year 2002
This information deals with suspended beam traffic systems in general, and correct positioning of beam cabins above the berths when docking is of course important. The best way to accomplish this is by use of some kind of sensors in the beam, which interact with the propulsion vehicle. The positioning system is used in FlyWay for two purposes: to correctly position the beam cabins above the berths when docking, and to determine the whereabouts of all beamcars that are running in traffic, as well as parked somewhere in the beam network. The power requirements of the propulsion cars depends very much on their ability to feed electric energy back into the power supply system when braking For safety and reliability reasons, beam traffic systems should have their own backup power supply Prognostications for future motorcar propellants. This information deals with the function of the propulsion car in a suspended traffic system. The FlyWay propulsion cars are never seen; they are enclosed inside the beams, protected from the surrounding world. And the surroundings are also shielded by the beams from all electro-magnetic radiation. There are situations where berths have to be placed in a row after each other, along the same beam. A typical such situation would be a railway station platform. These cars will be blocking each other during unloading and loading, and this has to be handled in a smooth way, so that delays won´t be longer than necessary.
Description of how to use radar on carriages to detect obstacles Using radar on propulsion cars Radar on propulsion cars; detailed description Radius of curvature (for beams) Subsidizing railroads Reaction time for braking (definition) Regional Computer; defined (FlyWay) Regulating speed (general) Regulating speed (FlyWay) Cost of ringroads in cities Road traffic; cooperation with Road traffic; cooperation, FlyWay Constructing beams in roadless terrain Route assignments (FlyWay) Routing (FlyWay) Routing Table (how to construct) Routing Table (FlyWay) |
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Sabotage against an unmanned transport system can effectively be prevented by camera surveillance and the ability to remotely take control over affected vehicles. Vehicle and station doors can thus be forcibly closed, and any affected vehicle can be directed to a manned station. This deals with the safe berthings of vehicles of FlyWay type, that can lower themselves to the ground at stops. FlyWay will have to be equipped with obstacle detection systems to avoid collisions between vehicles at merging points. This chapter deals with FlyWay´s need for, and use of, an obstacle detection system. The vehicles or the system itself can scan the ground when it´s time to go down for passenger or cargo. Some FLYWAY installations (or some stations) for passengers might not use the safe FLYWAY cubicles. In such instances, there is a definite need to check the ground while lowering the carriage.
The image that the scanner picks up would in this case be compared to a digital topological map of the location, stored in the vehicle´s computer memory. If all altitudes of all features agree with those of the topological map, the vehicle can (almost) safely land. An even better result might be achieved using digital cameras. As a complement, such stops should be fenced in or hedged off, and a station manager should be present. How FlyWay provides for safety for passengers and vehicles during travel. The safety distance is dictated by how fast the cars can decelerate in an emergency, without undue discomfort to passengers or damage to goods. The speed will vary, depending on beam curvatures and other factors. Specific calculations for FlyWay vehicles. The safety intervals between beamcars travelling at various speeds are dependent on their ability to stop, if faced with a sudden obstacle. Calculations for the FlyWay systems ar detasiled in table form. How the FlyWay system provides for the safety at its stations. The beamtraffic safety system, general considerations. How to build a scale model of a moving beamtraffic system. Seats in beamcars; size and design The Security System deals with all aspects pertaining to safe travel, such as earthquake, sabotage or traffic accidents. Sensors inside the beams serve as an alternative way to detect beamcars up ahead. Sensors outside the beams are susceptible to other kinds of obstacles as well, which can be both advantageous and disadvantageous. Routines for service and maintenance of the beams have to be implemented. The shunting in FlyWay is explained; it is the place where the beam splits in two, and the beamcar has to choose left or right. Shunts and shunting on beams; general description.
Shunts, unsupported, the "frog" problem. The yellow area in the illustration cannot be supported, as supports would interfere with the beamcars. Computerized traffic simulations of a planned beam network are necessary first steps before one starts investing time and money into the actual planning and construction of a beam network. This is a fairly technical page, but it is not really a tutorial. It is intended primarily as a guide for persons who are unfamiliar with city traffic planning. A bit down on this page you will find two paintings showing the German SIPEM system, as it could have looked if Siemens had built it it along this concept Sizes of beamcars should be appropriate for the transport job which has to be performed at each moment. Beam traffic systems do not have the rigidity of buses, which are always the same size, regardless of the momentary number of passengers. In accordance with the principle of "open interfaces", the actual design of beamvehicles are details that are not part of SwedeTrack's concept. On this page we will, however, put down suggestions for suitable vehicIes. Sizes of FlyWay beamcars can vary a lot, depending on their use. Suggestion for a beam traffic connection between Skavsta airport and Stockholm, Sweden Sloping beams have to be properly handled in a beam traffic system. One consideration is that the slope should not be too steep, or the propulsion vehicle might lose its traction. Another consideration is that passenger cabins (and often also cargo containers) must be kept level. How sloping beams will be handled in the FlyWay system. This chapter contains mathematical calculations of the power requirements needed for satisfactory acceleration rates of vehicles, for operating the FlyWay-style lifts and for negotiating sloping beams. Description of so-called smart cards, which makes it easier for travellers to use the transport system. The FlyWay system has a design for preventing falling snow from piling up inside the roofless berths. Obviously, we need some kind of roof, but it has to be able to automatically open up whenever a beamcar wants to dock.
Docking places for FlyWay vehicles cannot normally be protected from snow, if they are out in the open. But if cubicles are used, these can be equippped with roofing which is temporarily moved out of the way whenever a vehicle is docking. Speed of beamcars; factors that influence, such as safety, etc. System interfaces, both hardware and controlling software, have to be standardized according to some set of rules, to enable components from different manufacturers to be compatible. Standardizing of the free-standing poles supporting the beams. Station dimensions for FlyWay and PROS. PROS is a consulting firm based in Manila, which was at a time a potential customer for a modified version of the FlyWay system. Stations for automatic beamcars need to provide for: Methods of steadying the beamcar in FlyWay in emergency situations, when passengers have to be evacuated. The long cars for Stockholm Underground from ADTranz Stockholm Water Festival; photos from the summer of 1994 when SwedeTrack participated. The protective cubicles of the FlyWay stops, preventing people and objects from getting in the way of a lowering beamcar cabin, are described. The task of the supervising system is to provide information from various sources to aid the operator´s staff. The most important part of the FlyWay supervising system are surveillance cameras. We discuss different means by which cabins and other types of carriages can be adapted to interchangeably use both supported and suspended beam traffic systems. Comparison between Supported and Suspended systems, showing that suspended traffic systems are better in many respects. SwedeTrack System Inc.; a presentation of the company, which will be going public in 2004. This report, from December 1998 for the Stockholm area, shows how automatic beam traffic systems would be both cheaper and more capable than alternative systems How the carriages can be rotated sideways in the FlyWay system when docking, to facilitate easier loading of goods and road vehicles. Describes the principles of operation of the synchronous traffic system
The deterioration of the famous Taj Mahal-monument in Agra, India as a sad example of detrimental consequences of vehicle exhausts. Terminology and abbreviations used in the field of automatic transport systems. Terminology as used in the FlyWay system The Thomson Paradox shows that the result of building more roads, instead of lessening the traffic congestion, will only lead to more total road traffic. This happens because roads become more appealing to people when traffic moves faster. The only thing one can hope to gain by building more roads is to lessen traffic on some other roads. The FlyWay cars have the ability to tilt outwards when going through curves to accomodate the centrifugal force, and also to tilt in the direction of travel to accomodate sloping beams. Time-calculations for FlyWay-cars for stopping, lowering the car, allow time for passenger exchange, raising the car and accelearating. The timeslot concept, which is also used in air travel, is explained. How the FlyWay cars will use the timeslot concept for maximum use of the beam´s capacity. Timeslots and safety distances are closely related in FlyWay. Traction methods for the propulsion vehicle. Traction motors for propulsion vehicles. Traffical Usefulness 1995-2035, a weighted table, constructed by Sten Staxler, for estimating the accumulated environmental and economical benefits for a city over a 40-year period, which early-on implements an automatic beam traffic system. How to avoid traffic congestion on the beams. Transportation of motorcars can be made using flatcars. The benefits are: Trunk lines are beams that serve the same purpose in beam traffic systems as highways for the road traffic. They have no stops, just access and exit beams, and are designed for high speeds. Planning for and capacity of theese trunks are dealt with here. Tunnels for beam traffic Cost estimates for beam traffic tunnels
Unsupported shunts (the "frog" problem) When manually updating the network information in the FlyWay system, all information that is needed by the central computer, the node computers and the beam vehicles must be entered only at the central computer. It is then the responsibility of this computer to use the communication protocol available for the purpose to as speedily as possible distribute this information to nodes and beamcars. Table of largest urban areas, showing that nearby cities merge to form even vaster built-up areas. How urban environments would be affected by the presence of beam traffic systems. In both rich and poor countries, the cities are growing faster than the population as a whole. The term "urbanization" siginifies the rapid growth of cities as their population grows. Rate of urbanization for all countries (table) United Nations statistics and prognostications for urbanization of major metropolitan areas for years 1975, 1995 and 2025.
All public transport systems are subject to some degree of vandalizing, both by travellers and by non-travellers. One might think that a transport system without personnel in the vehicles would be especially vulnerable, but that´s not the case with suspended beamcars, and certainly not with FlyWay. Vehicle sizes for passengers (general) Suitable sizes of passenger cabins in the FlyWay system. Immanuel Velikovsky was no scientist, but he wrote some very interesting books, speculating about Earth´s past. Among other things, he claimed that oil is not endemic to Earth; it has not been formed by organic material, which is the current theori. There are people who are afraid to travel in unmanned vehicles, especially at night, for fear of coming across violent persons. This is a mainly psychological problem in connection with unmanned public transport, which can be mitigated with surveillance cameras and manned stations along the line.
More or less scenic walkways and bike lanes on top of beam bridges, or on beams in general, are quite possible. It would provide for easier access to many places in cities, such as separate entrances above ground to public buildings and shopping malls. More or less scenic walkways and bike lanes on top of beam bridges, or on beams in general, are quite possible. It would provide for easier access to many places in cities, such as separate entrances above ground to public buildings and shopping malls. A rather detailed functional description of waveguides. They could serve as possible conduits for communication with the beam vehicles inside the beams. A superficial description of waveguides and how they could be used in beam traffic systems. The weather resiliency of suspended beam traffic systems is unmatched by other modes of public transportation! The methods of merging traffic from two different beams are explained. We also calculate how weaving affects vehicle speed before and after the weving. The method of merging traffic from two different beams in the FlyWay system is explained. Which is best for suspended beam traffic vehicles; steel or rubber? The advantages and disadvantages of using various widths of passenger cabins. Which width is best? A table of world´s 10 largest urban areas. The European Community´s ZEUS Project, for Zero and Low Emission Vehicles in Urban Society, was a EU-financed project, whose aim has been to demonstrate the use of alternative vehicles in urban traffic. 8 cities in EU volunteered to purchase in total 1200 vehicles propelled by electricity and/or natural gas, and use them in public service.
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| Copyright © 2004, SwedeTrack System. | Last Updated: 2011-07-02 | This site is maintained by Johnson Consulting |
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Camera surveillance of beamcars is a necessary complement in order to safeguard both vehicles and passengers against vandals. In the FlyWay system, the recordings will not be seen by humans unless specifically motivated. They will normally be erased within a couple of days.
American inventor Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931), was awarded more than 1,000 patents, but could not market his inventions. We note in this article how good inventions don´t automatically market themselves, and that good inventors are rarely good at marketing their products.
"The Frog problem"; beams for suspended cars have a problem at shunts, where a stretch of varying length of the beam´s guideway cannot be supported.
Hatches to enable maintenance personnel or robots to enter the beams.
Beams in big networks are classed in a hierarchical order, just like freeways-thru-fares-backstreets in the road traffic system. Trunkbeams, for instance, do not have stops along the way.
